@breadandcircuses 1st off, how to I see, the other replies to your post? As for the article itself, I think he is missing some technical points. His mention of arc furnaces, he mentioned the electricity coming from solar, wind or atomic power. Aluminium production uses electricity, and the plants are sited close to either large hydro-plants or nuclear plants. Such as the Wylfa nuclear power station in Anglesey. Which had problems, even before commissioning. The electric arc furnaces, are usually for smaller batches of specialist steels. Of the type needed in nuclear and thermal power stations, as well as CCS and hydrogen plants. He determines that solar and wind have a larger steel intensity, than nuclear and thermal. When nuclear, especially requires tonnes of reinforced concrete and specialist steels in their construction, plus all the infrastructure, to transmit electricity, the large cooling water system, refuelling and nuclear waste handling. Then there is the fact, large thermal plants, cannot be suddenly started or shut-down, so continue to burn fossil-fuels, even when there is low demand. With nuclear, even when shut-down, the cooling systems have to remain running to stop a melt-down. As for wind, such as the blades, a UK was developing blades constructed from bamboo. But, because of a lack of commitment by Blair/Brown's Labour Government, the company was taken over by foreign company.