"we observed that, on average, women were more likely than men to work part-time (i.e., fewer than 35 hours per week) because of personal or family obligations. Moreover, in comparison to men, women were less likely to work overtime (i.e., at least two hours per week) to attain additional income, but more likely to work overtime to step in for colleagues. Altogether, people had “gendered” reasons to work certain hours."
So let's take 4 people... all making $20 an hour.
1 male working 40 hours a week.
1 male working 50 hours a week.
1 female working 35 hours a week.
1 female working 40 hours a week.
40 * 20 = $800 a week * 52 = $41,600 a year.
50 * 20 = $1,000 a week * 52 = $52,000 a year.
Total male earnings = $93,600 a year.
35 * 20 = $700 a week * 52 = $36,400 a year.
40 * 20 = $800 a week * 52 = $41,600 a year.
Total female earnings = $78,000 a year.
78,000 / 93,600 = ZOMG women make 83.33% of what men do!
Edit In a rush this morning and forgot to bill the OT at time and a half...
40 * 20 = $800 a week * 52 = $41,600 a year.
40 * 20 = $800 a week * 52 = $41,600 a year.
10 * 30 = $300 a week OT * 52 = $15,600 a year.
Total male earnings $98,800.
Total female earnings $78,000 a year.
78,000 / 98,800 = ZOMG women make 78.94% of what men do!
“we observed that, on average, women were more likely than men to work part-time (i.e., fewer than 35 hours per week) because of personal or family obligations.
Of course, women choose to be the ones who are socially obligated to do unpaid labor for family, and men choose not to have to do unpaid labor for family. /s
The way our society is structured plays absolutely no factor in this, and no factor in why domestic social reproduction is unpaid(until we get into maids/servants, which doesn't make it prettier) while non-domestic social reproduction is paid. /s
But most companies want to pay as little as possible, and worker want paid as much
Men are more willing to negotiate for a higher wage. Not all of them, but enough that usually explains this effect for entry level jobs. And a very sizable amount take at least a few years out of work for kids, and that gap usually causes them to earn less when they go back. And that set back keeps them out of the highest positions most of the time, which is why this gap is higher as age increases.
"New research by Vanderbilt Professor Jessica A. Kennedy finds the gender difference in tendency to negotiate has now reversed, and the widespread narrative that women don’t ask is outdated. While other measures are necessary to completely close the gender pay gap, the study also discusses how people who believe and adhere to the notion that “women don’t ask” hinder progress. "
Working with the Van Spaendonck Groep, MKB Nederland analyzed the anonymized payslips of 1.4 million employees in the ten most common professions - pedagogical employee, pharmacy assistant, service employee, administrative employee, sales employee, account manager, driver, production employee, warehouse worker, and mechanic. The results were corrected for age and experience, so these do not explain the wage gap.
Typically that means they threw the numbers into a regression with wage ~ sex + age + experience and looked at the sex component coefficients. With a regression model you can use the coefficients to estimate average baselines for each sex separately from age. You’d want to clean up the age values into categories or use a regression spline to allow non linear age effects. You’d probably want to log transform wages too.
They could have done a really shitty analysis though, without the actual details I’m just guessing and I didn’t see any links in the article.
