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ZLabe

@ZLabe@fediscience.org

Climate Scientist (Atmospheric) at NOAA GFDL | PhD | UC Irvine and Cornell University alum | Sharing data-driven stories | Be kind | Views and thoughts expressed are mine own |

My research and communication interests coincide with disentangling patterns of climate change from climate variability using data-driven methods. Also, scary movie fan!

#Arctic #ClimateChange #DataViz #MachineLearning #OpenScience #Python #SciComm #Weather #wxMastodon #wxTwitter

This profile is from a federated server and may be incomplete. For a complete list of posts, browse on the original instance.

ZLabe , to random
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And now visualizing the June solstice from the polar regions...

Animation looks downward at the North Pole (left; ☀️) and South Pole (right; 🌙) over a 24-hour period. Graphic from https://zacklabe.com/arctic-climate-seasonality-and-variability/

Animation shows two orthographic maps looking downward at the Northern Hemisphere (left) and downward on the Southern Hemisphere (right) using hourly solar radiation data. The Arctic and Antarctic circles are also denoted with dashed lines. Nighttime and daytime are visible given this data information.

ZLabe OP ,
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@hawe11 Yah, unfortunately the colors get a bit washed out toward that end of the scale in this visual.

ZLabe , to random
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Happy ! Have a great day! 🙂

Understanding seasons - a look at the hourly incoming sunlight during the two solstices (23.5°N/S). I've added a red marker for ease of viewing. Graphic available at https://zacklabe.com/arctic-climate-seasonality-and-variability/.

Animation showing two global maps at the solstice of hourly solar radiation in June and December. Day/night periods are shown in this visualization. The red dot is located at the maximum, which is either north or south of the equator line that is annotated.

ZLabe OP ,
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@ruthpozuelo Thanks! It's Python... Here is a bit more on the packages used: https://zacklabe.com/methods-and-open-software/

ZLabe , to random
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The total area of sea ice is declining in every month of the year. However, the largest losses of sea ice are observed during the late summer and early fall.

For more information: https://repository.library.noaa.gov/view/noaa/56616. Concentration means the fraction of ice cover.

ZLabe , to random
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Now back to your regularly scheduled programming - There is a widespread positive trend for increasing precipitation across the Ocean in June, which is largest near the North Pole & some coastal land regions

ZLabe , to random
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Well now I can finally share - I just started my first day as a federal scientist at NOAA's Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory.

I'll be continuing research on improving our understanding of climate prediction and projection, especially with data-driven approaches for high-impact extremes.

ZLabe OP ,
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I am so thankful for a network of support from family, friends, and mentors that helped me achieve my childhood dream (as a weather nerd) in wanting to work at NOAA.

And I hope I can help others navigate this often confusing world of science/academia to reach their goals too.

ZLabe OP ,
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Thank you all! I don't have a chance to reply to all of your messages, but I read them and really appreciate your kinds words and support! 🥰

ZLabe , to random
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Trends in June sea ice thickness across the Ocean - red shading corresponds to areas of thinning ice over the last few decades. The largest declines are in the East Siberian Sea and Chukchi Sea regions.

[Simulated data by PIOMAS; https://journals.ametsoc.org/view/journals/clim/31/8/jcli-d-17-0436.1.xml]

ZLabe , to random
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Enjoy your week! Here's your Monday ice update - sea ice extent is currently the 9th lowest on record (JAXA data)...

• about 200,000 km² below the 2010s mean
• about 690,000 km² below the 2000s mean
• about 1,230,000 km² below the 1990s mean
• about 1,700,000 km² below the 1980s mean

Additional plots: https://zacklabe.com/arctic-sea-ice-extentconcentration/

Line graph time series of 2024's daily Arctic sea ice extent compared to decadal averages from the 1980s to the 2010s. The decadal averages are shown with different colored lines with white for the 1980s, green for the 1990s, blue for the 2000s, and purple for the 2010s. Thin white lines are also shown for each year from 2002 to 2022. 2024 is shown with a thick gold line. There is a long-term decreasing trend in ice extent for every day of the year shown on this graph between April and July by looking at the decadal average line positions.
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    • ZLabe , to random
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    Unsurprisingly, the last three months globally were the warmest March-May in our records...

    [(Preliminary) data/info: https://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/faq/]

    Line graph time series of global mean surface temperature anomalies for every March-May from 1880 through 2024. A red 30-year lowess smoothing line is also shown. Anomalies are computed relative to a 1951-1980 baseline. The global mean surface temperature anomaly in March-May 2024 was +1.29°C. There is large interannual variability and a recent long-term warming trend.
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    • ZLabe , to random
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    Evolution of May sea ice and sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies during the satellite-era...

    A summary of last month can be found from the NSIDC at https://nsidc.org/arcticseaicenews/2024/06/an-early-hudson-bay-opening/

    *SST data set (OISSTv2.1) is only available since about 1982

    showing Arctic sea ice concentration and sea surface temperature anomalies for every May from 1982 to 2024. Blue shading is shown for colder anomalies, and red shading is shown for warmer anomalies. Sea ice concentration is shown with shades of white and grey. There is large spatial variability, but long-term warming sea surface temperatures and decreasing sea ice. A gold line for the 1982-2010 sea ice extent median is also shown.

    ZLabe , to random
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    Evolution of June sea ice thickness by decade...

    Data information: https://climatedataguide.ucar.edu/climate-data/pan-arctic-ice-ocean-modeling-and-assimilation-system-piomas

    ZLabe , to random
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    The regional patterns of temperature anomalies across the over the last 12 months...

    Data from ERA5 reanalysis at https://cds.climate.copernicus.eu/cdsapp#!/dataset/reanalysis-era5-single-levels-monthly-means?tab=overview

    Twelve polar stereographic maps showing 2-m air temperature anomalies in the Arctic from June 2023 to May 2024. Blue shading is shown for colder anomalies, and red shading is shown for warmer anomalies. All months are warmer than average overall. Anomalies are computed relative to a 1981-2010 baseline.
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    • ZLabe , to random
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    Like a broken record, another monthly record for the average sea surface temperature in the northern half of the Atlantic Ocean...

    Data available from NOAA ERSSTv5 (https://psl.noaa.gov/data/gridded/data.noaa.ersst.v5.html).

    ZLabe , to random
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    My next monthly climate visualization blog is posted, which highlights the regional variability of summertime precipitation across the contiguous United States since 1900: https://zacklabe.com/climate-viz-of-the-month/

    ZLabe , to random
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    Some cooler sea surface temperature (SST) departures continue to linger in the Sea of Okhotsk and Bering Sea. However, a sharp gradient in SST anomalies is found around Scandinavia with the warmest areas to the south and in the Baltic Sea.

    Data from https://psl.noaa.gov/data/gridded/data.noaa.oisst.v2.highres.html

    Polar stereographic map showing sea surface temperature anomalies in May 2024 relative to 1982 to 2010. Most areas are warmer than average. Sea-ice cover is also shown if sea-ice concentration is at least 15% per each grid point. Red is shown for warmer sea surface temperatures, and blue is shown for colder sea surface temperatures. Data is from OISSTv2.1.
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    • ZLabe , to random
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    100 years of average January-May temperature anomalies over land areas through 2024... not great!!

    [Data from GISTEMPv4; some missing data prior to ~1960, especially over the Antarctic and Southern Ocean]

    Animation of global maps showing January to May surface air temperature anomalies over land for each year from 1925 to 2024. There is a long-term warming trend. Anomalies are calculated relative to a 1951-1980 baseline using NASA/GISS GISTEMPv4.

    ZLabe , to random
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    Temperature anomalies over the last month (left), 3 months (center), and 12 months (right) in the Northern Hemisphere...

    Data from @CopernicusECMWF ERA5 reanalysis at https://cds.climate.copernicus.eu/cdsapp#!/dataset/reanalysis-era5-single-levels-monthly-means?tab=overview

    Three orthographic maps showing 2-m air temperature anomalies in May 2024, March 2024 to May 2024, and June 2023 to May 2024. Red shading is shown for warmer anomalies, and blue shading is shown for colder anomalies. Most areas are warmer than average. The mean temperature anomaly for each map is also displayed. Anomalies are calculated relative to a 1981-2010 baseline.
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    • ZLabe OP ,
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    @NorCal_Lynne @CopernicusECMWF Thank you for following! :)

    ZLabe , to random
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    Happy Friday! Enjoy your weekend! Here's your latest ice update - sea ice extent is currently the 6th lowest on record (JAXA data)...

    • about 100,000 km² below the 2010s mean
    • about 780,000 km² below the 2000s mean
    • about 1,290,000 km² below the 1990s mean
    • about 1,730,000 km² below the 1980s mean

    More plots: https://zacklabe.com/arctic-sea-ice-figures/

    Line graph time series of 2024's daily Arctic sea ice extent compared to decadal averages from the 1980s to the 2010s. The decadal averages are shown with different colored lines with white for the 1980s, green for the 1990s, blue for the 2000s, and purple for the 2010s. Thin white lines are also shown for each year from 2002 to 2022. 2024 is shown with a thick gold line. There is a long-term decreasing trend in ice extent for every day of the year shown on this graph between April and July by looking at the decadal average line positions.
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    • ZLabe , to random
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    The temperatures averaged across nearly all latitude bands were warmer than the 1951-1980 average in May 2024.

    [Plot shows zonal-mean surface temperature anomalies, with latitude = y-axis (not scaled by distance). GISTEMPv4 data.]

    ZLabe , to random
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    Temperatures in May 2024...
    🟥 - warmer than average
    🟦 - colder than average

    The average global air temperature was...
    +1.14°C above 1951-1980 baseline
    +1.27°C above 1921-1950 baseline
    +1.42°C above 1880-1920 baseline

    Data code/info: https://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/sources_v4/

    ZLabe , to random
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    climate rankings are in for May 2024: https://zacklabe.com/archive-2024/. A quiet month there.

    ZLabe , to random
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    Looking for the status of greenhouse gas levels, here is the latest monthly data...

    Monthly observations provided by: https://gml.noaa.gov/ccgg/. Compare this to the last 800,000 years: https://epa.gov/climate-indicators/climate-change-indicators-atmospheric-concentrations-greenhouse-gases.

    Graphic shows three line graph time series of monthly carbon dioxide abundance in ppm (blue line), monthly methane abundance in ppb (red line), and monthly nitrous oxide in ppb (purple line). Graphs are all shown from January 1984 through February 2024/May 2024. Current levels of CO2 are 427 ppm. Current levels of methane are 1929 ppb. Current levels of nitrous oxide are 338 ppb. All graphs show long-term increasing trends along with some interannual variability and seasonality.
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    • ZLabe , to random
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    Last month was also the warmest May on record globally in the GISTEMPv4 dataset...

    [(Preliminary) data/info: https://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/faq/]

    Line graph time series of global mean surface temperature anomalies for every May from 1880 through 2024. A red 30-year lowess smoothing line is also shown. Anomalies are computed relative to a 1951-1980 baseline. The global mean surface temperature anomaly in May 2024 was +1.14°C. There is large interannual variability and a recent long-term warming trend.
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    • ZLabe , to random
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    Monday ice update - sea ice extent is currently the 5th lowest on record (JAXA data)...

    • about 170,000 km² below the 2010s mean
    • about 800,000 km² below the 2000s mean
    • about 1,320,000 km² below the 1990s mean
    • about 1,740,000 km² below the 1980s mean

    Plots: https://zacklabe.com/arctic-sea-ice-figures/

    Line graph time series of 2024's daily Arctic sea ice extent compared to decadal averages from the 1980s to the 2010s. The decadal averages are shown with different colored lines with white for the 1980s, green for the 1990s, blue for the 2000s, and purple for the 2010s. Thin white lines are also shown for each year from 2002 to 2022. 2024 is shown with a thick gold line. There is a long-term decreasing trend in ice extent for every day of the year shown on this graph between April and July by looking at the decadal average line positions.
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    • ZLabe , to random
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    Last month was the warmest May on record for the average sea surface temperature globally...

    Graphic using NOAA ERSSTv5 data (https://psl.noaa.gov/data/gridded/data.noaa.ersst.v5.html). Methods detailed in https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-16-0836.1.

    ZLabe , to random
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    Methane (CH₄) is a potent greenhouse gas. Here are the most recent monthly observations...

    February 2024 - 1928.96 ppb
    February 2023 - 1920.26 ppb

    Red colored line graph time series of global atmospheric methane abundance from January 1984 through February 2024. Methane abundance is measured in units of parts per billion. Current levels are 1929 ppb. A seasonal cycle is visible on the graph. There is also decadal variability and a long-term increasing trend.
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    • ZLabe , to random
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    sea ice extent has recently dropped to the 2nd lowest on record for the date in response to a slowdown in the rate of the sea ice freeze-up (austral winter).

    More graphs: https://zacklabe.com/antarctic-sea-ice-extentconcentration/

    Line graph time series of 2024s daily Antarctic sea ice extent anomalies in red shading compared to each year from 1979 to 2022 using shades of purple to white for each line. Anomalies are computed relative to a 1981-2010 baseline. 2023 is the record low for most days, which is shown in yellow. There is substantial interannual and daily variability. There are no clear long-term trends.
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    • ZLabe , to random
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    Changes in June temperatures in the by decade... The strong warming over Siberia is directly linked to land-atmosphere processes from long-term loss of snow cover.

    @CopernicusECMWF ERA5 reanalysis]

    Four polar stereographic maps showing Arctic near-surface air temperature anomalies for the month of June in 1984-1993, 1994-2003, 2004-2013, and 2014-2023. Most all areas are observing long-term warming, which is largest over ocean areas. Anomalies are calculated relative to 1951-1980 from ERA5.
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    • ZLabe , to random
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    Although not as extreme as some recent years, snow cover remained below average over the Northern Hemisphere in May 2024. This was especially found across North America

    Boreal spring observes the largest decreasing trend in snow cover. Graphic/data from https://climate.rutgers.edu/snowcover/index.php

    ZLabe , to random
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    🚨 Sea ice across the Hudson Bay (Canada) is observing a historic spring with record early losses of sea ice...

    Each line represents one year from 1979 (purple) to 2023 (white). 2024 is in red. Data from the NSIDC using the passive microwave satellite record.

    ZLabe , to random
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    Have a great weekend! Here's your Friday ice update - sea ice extent is currently the 6th lowest on record (JAXA data)...

    • about 30,000 km² below the 2010s mean
    • about 630,000 km² below the 2000s mean
    • about 1,150,000 km² below the 1990s mean
    • about 1,550,000 km² below the 1980s mean

    More plots: https://zacklabe.com/arctic-sea-ice-extentconcentration/

    Line graph time series of 2024's daily Arctic sea ice extent compared to decadal averages from the 1980s to the 2010s. The decadal averages are shown with different colored lines with white for the 1980s, green for the 1990s, blue for the 2000s, and purple for the 2010s. Thin white lines are also shown for each year from 2002 to 2022. 2024 is shown with a thick gold line. There is a long-term decreasing trend in ice extent for every day of the year shown on this graph between April and July by looking at the decadal average line positions.
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    • ZLabe , to random
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    My monthly temperature graphics have just been updated for May 2024, which was another pretty uneventful month across the region: https://zacklabe.com/arctic-temperatures/

    ZLabe , to random
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    Some of the largest temperature anomalies in the last month were observed in northern Canada with departures up to 8°C above the 1981-2010 mean baseline. Cooler conditions were found in Greenland however.

    Data from @CopernicusECMWF ERA5 reanalysis.

    ZLabe , to random
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    🚨 Carbon dioxide (CO₂) levels set a new record high in May 2024 - 426.90 ppm (seasonal max)

    "Carbon dioxide is accumulating in the atmosphere faster than ever..."

    ZLabe , to random
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    12 consecutive months of record breaking warmth around the world. Yikes...

    The latest data and info on May's climate summary from ECMWF ERA5 data: https://climate.copernicus.eu/surface-air-temperature-may-2024

    Orthographic map showing 2-m air temperature anomalies in May 2024 relative to a 1981-2010 baseline using ERA5 data. This visualization shows Australia, Antarctica, and Asia. Most areas are warmer than average.

    ZLabe , to random
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    The 12-month running mean global temperature anomaly is still rising (updated with data now through May 2024)...

    Graphic from https://zacklabe.com/climate-change-indicators/

    Line graph time series of a 12-month running mean of global mean surface temperature anomalies from 1979 through May 2024. There is a long-term increasing trend and large interannual variability on this graph. Anomalies are computed relative to a 1981-2010 baseline. Blue shading is shown for below average anomalies, and red shading is shown for above average anomalies.
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    • ZLabe , to random
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    air temperature rank by month over the satellite era - now updated through May 2024. Another mostly quiet month.

    Heat map-style graphic showing monthly air temperature rankings in the Arctic at the 925 hPa level for each month from January 1979 to May 2024. There is a long-term warming trend evident in each month. Blue shading is shown for colder months, and red shading is shown for warmer months. A yellow number is shown for each grid box to display the actual temperature ranking. May 2024 was the 14th warmest May on record.
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    • ZLabe , to random
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    Both poles ( and ) are still observing sea ice extent below the 1981-2010 average. Note that JAXA data is unavailable until the end of the week - I'll update my graphs then.

    More visuals: https://zacklabe.com/arctic-sea-ice-figures/. Data below from https://nsidc.org/data/seaice_index

    Line graph time series of 2024's daily Antarctic sea ice extent compared to 1981-2010 climatological statistics. The graph shows the seasonal cycle, and ice-free conditions are indicated at 1 million square kilometers. Sea ice is currently well below average for early June.

    ZLabe , to random
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    Last month averaged the 5th lowest #Antarctic sea ice extent on record for the month of May.

    This was 890,000 km² below the 1981-2010 average. Data from NSIDC at https://nsidc.org/data/seaice_index

    ZLabe , to random
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    May 2024 sea ice extent was statistically tied for the 12th lowest on record...

    This was 510,000 km² below the 1981-2010 average. May ice extent is decreasing at about 2.34% per decade. Data: https://nsidc.org/data/seaice_index

    ZLabe , to random
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    A lot of regional variability last month in terms of the pattern of sea ice concentration anomalies. There is early melting in the eastern Hudson Bay, but a slow start toward Siberia.

    Data from https://nsidc.org/data/g02202/versions/4. Concentration = fraction of sea ice in a location.

    Two polar stereographic maps side-by-side showing Arctic sea ice concentration and its anomalies relative to 1981-2010 for May 2024. Red shading is shown for less ice, and blue shading is shown for more ice. Most areas are below average for sea ice concentration along the edge of the Arctic. Continents and land are masked out in a gray shading.
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    • ZLabe , to random
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    Global temperature anomalies by month through April 2024. Every month so far this year has been >1.20°C above the 1951-1980 climate baseline.

    Note: M = sunspot cycle max, m = sunspot cycle min, V = volcano

    [Data from NASA/GISS GISTEMPv4. Visualization prepared by http://columbia.edu/~mhs119/Temperature/T_moreFigs/]

    Heat map-style graphic showing monthly global mean surface air temperature anomalies for every month from January 1880 through April 2024. A 'V' symbol is also shown for major volcanic eruptions. A 'm' symbol is shown for solar minima and a 'M' is shown for solar maxima. Every month is observing a long-term warming trend. There is also some interannual variability.
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    • ZLabe , to random
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    The different seasonality and trends in the magnitude of monthly temperature anomalies since 1940 for the Northern Hemisphere, Southern Hemisphere, Arctic and Antarctic... (updated through 2024)

    Data from https://cds.climate.copernicus.eu/cdsapp#!/dataset/reanalysis-era5-single-levels-monthly-means?tab=overview

    Line graph time series of monthly mean surface temperature anomalies for the Southern Hemisphere region only. Every month is shown from 1940 to April 2024. There is a long-term warming trend in all months of the year.
    Line graph time series of monthly mean surface temperature anomalies for the Arctic region only. Every month is shown from 1940 to April 2024. There is a long-term warming trend in all months of the year and a strong seasonality in terms of the magnitude of the anomalies.
    Line graph time series of monthly mean surface temperature anomalies for the Antarctic region only. Every month is shown from 1940 to April 2024. There is a long-term warming trend in all months of the year, but less obvious than the other regions.

    ZLabe , to random
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    And here is the also recently updated global upper ocean heat content (0 to 700 m depth). Record high levels too! 🌡️

    Graphic/data (anomalies) from https://ncei.noaa.gov/access/global-ocean-heat-content/

    Line graph time series of global ocean heat content for the 0-700 m layer for 3 year averages (red line), yearly averages (black line), and five years averages from the late 1950s to 2024 (blue line). There is a long-term warming trend. Ocean heat content is measured in 10^22 Joules with a y-axis range form -10 to 35.
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