Did we need a study? If the obstacles were actual naturally-occurring phenomena that would be worth studying. As it is, it’s almost entirely a matter of union-busting action by corporations.
I work in an office where people are terrified to say the word union because our employer is famously anti-union.
I'm guessing those obstacles involve a lot of mandatory meetings to lecture the proles about how mean and not team player it would be of them to unionize