Mmm it may play a role but based off of the people I know personally caste isn't the factor. It is more to do with the demonizing of communism/socialism by Indira Gandhi (as well as outright purging during "the Emergency"). Then poorly implemented policies such as the creation of OBCs/SBEC, basically an affirmative action quota was very messily implemented.
My dad is now pretty liberal (though I feel he used to be more R before Bush) but Bernie calling himself a socialist took some effort to get him past.
You'd see similar in much of the world, socialism/ communism has often failed for one reason or another (usually corruption and/or outside interference). Failures cause a lot of suffering and as a result socialism/communism is a bigger boogeyman to an average immigrant than unchecked capitalism. Here in America their lives are still better relative to what they were. Especially if they came in the 80s-90s many of them succeeded in the American dream succeeding with capitalism while running away from socialist failures.