I don't have any experience with bamboo but I'd imagine you wouldn't get the bushy foliage low down that you're looking for. How about perennial herbs, like thyme, sage, lavender, rosemary etc? As well as plugging the gap at the bottom of your fence, you would get amazing aromas in your garden and the flowers on them can be beautiful and beneficial to insects. In my experience perennial herbs are resilient and low maintenance too.