The Intergovernmental Agreements with Cuba were signed on 5 May 1978 by Czechoslovakia and on 19 April 1980 by Hungary. Officially, they constituted one of the forms of scientific and technological cooperation, as the project involved, besides the temporary employment of Cubans in Czechoslovak and Hungarian companies, also their...
Subsequent visual arts bolseiros included Pais Ernesto Shikani (1934–2010) and Samate Machava (1939–2012), who in 1982 both undertook six‐month fine art courses in Moscow. Dias Machlate (b. 1958) followed, spending six years studying art in Dresden from 1983, along with another Mozambican artist, Francisco Maria Conde (b....
Whilst the symbolism of tourism to Cuba was more important than its actual statistical impact, it is revealing to compare the GDR to Western European trends in this regard. Only a fraction of GDR holidays were taken outside of Europe. This was, however, part of a broader global pattern: in 1989, the percentage of West European...
It was on March 7, 1921 that a collection of miners established a dictatorship of the proletariat in Istria, partly in response to Fascist violence, and partly in response to the inadequate working conditions. Sadly, it only lasted one month before the authorities forcibly shut it down....
No amount of managerial reform or incentives will bring Soviet yields up to U.S. levels because the climate and geography of the Soviet Union will not permit it. Nevertheless, contrary to the implications of Western critics the steady increase in Soviet yields has been quite respectable (Shaffer 1990:4 and Table I). On a sown...
We are sure of representing the majority of the population, of representing the most essential interests of the majority of the Italian people; proletarian violence is thus progressive and cannot be systematic. Your violence is systematic and systematically arbitrary because you represent a minority destined to disappear. We...
Just six years ago, when there were rumors that Stalin was dead, was dying or was going to the United States for a serious operation, the Associated Press Moscow correspondent—then Charles P. Nutter—wrote asking him for the truth....